grammar of graphics

Basically, a grammar of graphics is a framework which follows a layered approach to describe and construct visualizations or graphics in a structured manner.

This is how Dipanjan Sarkar puts it in his introduction to the grammar of graphics on towardsdatascience. While the most popular implementation of this concept is in the ggplot2 package (part of the tidyverse in R), implementations in other languages have followed. For example, the above linked blog post uses the python implementation in the package plotnine.